A) Solar flares create neutrinos with magnetic fields. What is a small mass of tissue that is made up of Purkinje fibers, ganglion cells, and nerve fibers, that is embedded in the musculature of the right atrium, and that originates the impulses stimulating the heartbeat? The notion that ozone is being depleted as a result of human activity has little scientific evidence to support it. As it contracted, its gravitational potential energy was converted to thermal energy. E) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. Choose a. D) there is less fusion occurring there. A) gravitational contraction of the Sun A) The number of sunspots peaks approximately every 11 years. A) the uppermost layer of the Sun, lying just above the corona D) tunnels in the outer layers of the Sun through which photons can escape more quickly than through the radiation zone Solely natural gases, particles, and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans. D) neutrinos from the solar core reach the solar surface easily. computer-based processing tool for analyzing geographic data. C. It decreases to 1/4 its original magnitude. A) collide. 3. B) Neutrinos are created as a by-product of the proton-proton chain. E) Nothing: mass is conserved. The statement "Sunspots are brighter than the rest of the sun's surface" is false. What was the major drawback to this idea? What happens to the helium-rich core of a star after the core runs, 17. The stars of the Milky Way View full document. Most of the CFC-induced ozone destruction is occurring near the equator, rather than near the poles. the difference in amount of incoming shortwave and outgoing longwave radiation. 2. D B) solar flares Because of a combination of thin, icy clouds and Antarctic wind patterns which trap chlorine freed from CFCs. The Montreal Protocol Which of the following is not true of sunspots? C) It predicted that the Sun could shine for about 25 million years, but geologists had already found that Earth is much older than this. Which of the following statements is NOT true for sunspots? Based on function, the atmosphere has 3. a. Sunspots are more important to global warming than GHGs There is more methane in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide Arctic Greening will absorb most of the carbon we emit to the atmosphere Greenhouse gases are by far the largest contributor to modern global warming Volcanic explosions can cool Earth's climate for hundreds of years. a contracting spherical cloud of gas surrounding a newly formed, *d. A) The Sun maintains a steady temperature. 3) What do we mean when we say that the Sun is in gravitational equilibrium? C) Like all objects, the Sun emits thermal radiation with a spectrum that depends on its temperature, and the Sun's surface temperature is just right for emitting mostly visible light. E) helium, energy, and neutrinos. (It's even "on sale"!) E. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. At the beginning of the period, sunspots form at higher latitudes. B) another name for the way sunspots look on the surface of the Sun 8. They are hotter than the surrounding photosphere. the troposphere and the stratosphere. C) the strong force (A), Based on temperature, the atmosphere is divided into. D) The convection zone is the source of ultraviolet light, and the upper photosphere is the source of X rays. All latitudes on Earth, except the Equator, experience unequal daylengths. The overall fusion reaction by which the Sun currently produces energy is A) 600 million tons more mass than the four hydrogen atoms, because energy is. Sunspots also appear dark because they are composed primarily of dense, dark-colored photospheric and chromospheric material. Day-length decreases from the winter solstice until the vernal equinox, when it begins to increase. two zones that absorb radiation from the Sun. We don't know, since their lifetimes are longer than the age of. According to modern science, approximately how old is the Sun? What is the common cause of sunspots, flares, and prominences? c. B) There are many sunspots visible on the surface of the Sun. your choice on the answer sheet. Q. Astronomers observing spectral lines can observe red or blue shifts kn . The corona is even shaped differently, streaming more from the sides of the Sun instead of forming a more spherical shape around the Sun, as when the magnetic field is weaker. B) Fission reactions in the Sun have ceased. Sunspots are really darker than the surrounding photosphere, and thus appear as black spots on the sun's surface. nitrogen oxides and ozone Fusion of iron nuclei into heavier nuclei requires energy rather, than C. the orientation of Earth's axis A. *b. The dam has a height H = 12 m and a width W = 10 m. Assume that the density of the water is = 1000 kg/m . is considered beneficial in trapping UV radiation. E) The term solar neutrino problem refers to the fact that neutrinos are extremely difficult to detect. Neutrinos from the core collide with gas atoms and prevent them, c. *b. Earth and the Sun formed specifically from, The photochemical reactions responsible for photochemical smog produce. No, sunspots do not always occur in pairs. c. the movement of sunspots on the sun's surface. Another way that we can learn about the Sun is by capturing the particles in the solar wind that come from the Sun. A) several thousand years ago. The distance between corresponding points on any two successive waves is known as the. B Describe a Laura y a Elin usando los verbos recprocos. D. It results from the burning of fossil fuels. Which of the following is not a method astronomers use to determine the physical conditions inside the Sun? D) The chromosphere and corona are both best studied with radio telescopes. They move across the Sun c. They are permanent d. They are caused by magnetic activity e. They vary in size 3. Glacial moraines show when and where previous episodes of glaciation occurred. Magnetic fields Which the following is not true of sunspots? Reset Help deep-ocean trenches 1. A) They are too cold to emit any visible light. A correlated equilibria to the market game is either a sunspot equilibrium or a non-sunspot equilibrium to the related securities games, but the converse is not true in general. . Additionally, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the amount of energy that sunspots emit is so small that it is impossible to measure here on Earth. Which of the following is true of the Sun's electromagnetic spectrum? E) about 150 million kilometers (the size of an astronomical unit). Which of the following is not true of sunspots? We also provide a link between extrinsic uncertainty arising in games (e.g. E) the interaction of the Earth's magnetic field with that of the Sun, What observations characterize solar maximum? As you approach the Sun, you will enter the corona, an extremely hot layer of gas, but so low in density that you won't really feel how hot it is. A. d. The sun's photosphere is about 300 miles (500. C) 50% hydrogen, 25% helium, 25% other elements Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle is not true? the outflow of neutrinos from the interior, c. Sunspots are often accompanied by prominences and other features of the solar atmosphere. E) all of the above. Why do the tropics have a positive net radiation while the poles have a negative value? A) The Sun's mass is about 300 times the mass of Earth. A B) the gravitational force Question there were no dark energy, the expansion of the universe would be: constant accelerating decelerating . The main cause of sunspots is the suns magnetic field. 14. The proton-proton chain is B) 25 million years Gravitational equilibrium means that the surface and the core of the Sun are at the same pressure. After passing through this layer, you will reach the radiation zone, where photons are engaged in a random dance as they are continuously absorbed and re-emitted by the hot gas there. D) The Sun becomes much brighter. B B. Daylength is longest on the summer solstice and is shortest on the winter solstice, D b. Both natural and anthropogenic gases, particles, and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans. C) extremely hot plasma flowing along magnetic field lines. The rate of fusion then determines how many neutrinos should be produced by the Sun, and theories estimate how many of these should be detected here on Earth. Sunspots are temporary dark spots that appear on the surface of the Sun. producing excess energy and therefore will not produce the. apparent brightness against distance for stars near to the Sun. nitric acid and sulfuric acid, formed from nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide. Why does the surface of the Sun appear to have a sharp edge? 8. A protostar of about 1 solar mass is gradually contracting and, becoming A elements toward the bottom of a group periodic table generally have higher ionization energies than elements at the top of a group. B. method of collecting geologic data. B) corona C) The Sun's entire magnetic field flip-flops at the end of each cycle (at solar minimum). True or false: The amount of solar activity (like sunspots) varies between maximum and minimum. What two pollutants react with water to produce acid rain? To estimate the central temperature of the Sun, scientists cycle generates sufficient energy to stop the collapse. D Once a month b. Question: Which of the following statements about spectral types of stars is not true? 28. true or false: sunspots appear dark because they are hotter than the surrounding gas of the photosphere. This is because large magnetic fields are concentrated in these areas, inhibiting convection and cooling the surface. Which of the following best describes where other forms of light are released? C) The core would heat up, causing it to radiate so much energy that it would shrink even more. B) This process would power the Sun for only about 25 million years, but geologists already had evidence the Earth was much older than that. is itchy, painful, red, or bleeding is unusual in color Preventing sunspots You may be able to prevent sunspots on your face by limiting your exposure to UVA and UVB rays. Sunspots are therefore an indication that the Sun is more active, and it is important to be aware of their presence. young C) core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, corona Which of the following is not a method astronomers use to determine the physical conditions inside the Sun? C) yellow Question 17. They often appear in pairs or clusters. A) tunnels in the outer layers of the Sun that allow photons to escape and form the solar wind By what process does the Sun generate energy? E) Radio waves can pass directly through the gas which allows us to see the core. E) It joins with a nearby neutron to form a proton. They have relatively lower temperatures than the brighter, background photosphere. Because of the electromagnetic force, the two protons will You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. Approximately how many neutrinos pass through your body each second? A) Energy is produced in the convection zone by thermal radiation. A) The sunspot cycle is very steady, so that each 11-year cycle is nearly identical to every other 11-year cycle. Muons are created by cosmic-ray collisions at an elevation h (as measured in Earth's frame of reference) above Earth's surface and travel downward with a constant speed of 0.990c. B) The Sun's magnetic field, which plays a major role in the sunspot cycle, affects compass needles that we use on Earth. Yes, sunspots do circulate around the Sun. Sunspots on the surface of the Sun are regions of intense magnetic activity, appearing as dark spots in visible light due to the cooler temperatures found in these regions. Sunspots can form individually and can come in clusters of multiple sunspots. If the surface temperature of white dwarf stars is four times that, of What is the typical length of time between sunspot minimums and sunspot maximum; that is, what is the typical length of the "sunspot cycle"? sunspots, However, the energy of this light was released by fusion in the Sun's core about (b) Find the frequency of the photon absorbed in the J = 1 to J = 2 transition. luminosity is independent of the stellar mass. E. All radio signals pass through this region virtually unaffected. C) Higher temperature would cause the rate of fusion to fall, decreasing the internal pressure and causing the core to collapse until the rate of fusion returned to normal. B. B star, within which planets will eventually form. B D C) The rate of nuclear fusion in the Sun peaks about every 11 years. sufficient to halt the collapse. How is the sunspot cycle directly relevant to us here on Earth? A magnet, for example, may attract another thing. B Based on its surface temperature of 6,000 K, most photons that leave the Sun's surface lie in which region of the electromagnetic spectrum? Which of the following regarding atmospheric pressure is true? E) converting gravitational potential energy into electricity. Why do you turn down this excellent offer? A mi padre y a m (nos-te) importan los actores de Hollywood. B. D) gravitational contraction The highest temperatures in the atmosphere occur in the. the greater the stellar mass, the less the luminosity. The ozonosphere is critical to life because it? its original magnitude. The gravitational disturbance of one star's motion by its. D) The solar neutrino problem remains as perplexing as ever, and indeed makes everything we think we know about stars suspect. luminosity against mass of a group of stars. They are a darker and cooler area than the rest of the sun and have a temperature of around 3,800 degrees Kelvin. D) Individual protons are joined into long chains of protons. If the solar core were to increase in temperature, the nuclear fusion rate would soar, generating excess energy that increases the pressure and pushes the core outwards. What happens to energy in the Sun's convection zone? aims to reduce and eliminate all ozone depleting substances. B) Nuclear reactions in the Sun become more efficient with time, so that each fusion reaction releases more energy when the Sun is old than when it is young; this in turn raises the Sun's luminosity. predicted C) nuclear fission Which of the following choices is not a way by which we can study the inside of the Sun? C They occur in regions of lower-than-average magnetic fields. Why, then, does it require four protons. And at minimum you have a minimum number of sunspots, and at maximum, a maximum. E) because they are so small. What was the major drawback of this idea? The relationship between mass and luminosity of stars on the main. ozone and VOCs. What are coronal holes? D) Our current understanding of fusion in the Sun suggests that all neutrinos should be destroyed before they arrive at Earth, yet neutrinos are being detected. to theoretical models of the Sun. 480 km (300 mi) above the Earth's surface. 1. D A) Nuclei normally repel because they are all positively charged and can be made to stick only when brought close enough for the strong force to take hold. C) 4 H 4 He + energy. type of satellite used for monitoring the Earth's surface. C) The Earth's natural magnetic field already offers excellent protection against the onslaught of solar neutrinos. C. potassiumhas a lower ionizationenergy than sodium D. A more modern hypothesis was that the Sun shone through the emission of thermal energy resulting from gravitational contraction, but this could only last for about 25 million years, far less than the age of Earth, before the Sun would have contracted to a point. a disk-shaped nebula of dust and gas rotating around a relatively. Here's a detailed explanation for each option: a. D) the winding of magnetic field lines due to differential rotation E) They emit light in other wavelengths that we can't see. The Sun appears to have a cycle of about 11 years during which it waxes and wanes. E. The circle of illumination passes through both poles. mostly carbon dioxide and water vapor. C) 1,000 K. 38) Which of the following statements about the sunspot cycle is not true? Which of the following is true regarding the depletion of ozone in the ozonosphere? The next layer you encounter will be the chromosphere, a very hot layer of gas just above the visible surface of the Sun. causes lung irritation, asthma, and susceptibility to respiratory illness in humans. Question Which of the following apply to Quasars? The helium atom has, a. D) the Sun is roughly the same color as blood. d. They increase and decrease in number, relatively regularly. c. prominences Magnetism is the force that magnets exert when they attract or repel one another. What proportion of climate scientists has concluded that humans are the primary driver of today's climate warming? The number of sunspots has been historically linked to the 11-year sunspot cycle, where sunspots peak in intensity approximately every 11 years. Describe some of the early theories for why the Sun shines and why they are no longer accepted as viable. A) As the Sun was forming, nuclear fusion reactions in the shrinking clouds of gas slowly became stronger and stronger, until the Sun reached its current luminosity. A) The rate at which fusion occurs would increase, leading to a contraction of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to rise even further. The people living at 40 N or S experience about six-hours difference in daylength from winter to summer. 13. The chromosphere is the layer of the Sun that we see as its visible surface. Which of the following can be used to determine the temperature of a star? The neutrinos are of the wrong type (muon neutrinos, instead of. four regions: ranging from the troposphere to the thermosphere. a. B) the strong wind that blows sunspots around on the surface of the Sun stratus cirrus altocumulus cumulus nimbostratus 27) Which of the following is false regarding air masses? ANSWER: Correct Chapter 11 Question 22 Part A Which of the following denotes the divisions of the geologic time scale in correct order of decreasing lengths of time . b) Determine how many trucks will be required to complete the job. The sun has an 11-year cycle of sunspots on its surface. In diagram to shift slowly, 20. As the formation of sunspots approaches the Sun's equator, the polarity of the Sun flips. Which of the following best describes what would happen? It extends through the troposphere into the stratosphere. B) The magnetic polarity of the Sun reverses approximately every 11 years. A) The Sun is generating much less energy than we think it is. D) nuclear fusion. b. In the center section near to the Sun's position, with lower mass, d. a somewhat irregular but always present cycle of build-up and, d. Once a year c. Every 2 years d. Every 11 years e. Every 10,000 years 4. D) 6 H 1 He + energy. C Which of the following statements about sunspots is NOT true? Acid deposition is deposition that measures more than 7.0 on a pH scale. C) a hundred years ago. The overall result of the proton-proton chain is During sunspot minimum, sunspots are far less frequent and the Sun may appear much more uniform in brightness. What evidence then do we have to support our current ideas about the solar interior? a band running from upper right to lower left, 21. Our Sun will end its life by becoming. B. It primarily absorbs harmful infrared wavelengths. It is the largest galaxy in the universe Which of the following is true? Imagine you are plunging into the Sun, starting from Earth. C) The Sun rotates faster at the equator. Both natural and anthropogenic gases, particles, and other substances in amounts that cause damage to the environment or are harmful to humans. As the cycle ends, it . Use the space below to solve this problem. Which of the following statements about solar sunspots is NOT true? . A) nuclear fission. answer choices. C False. The light radiated from the Sun's surface reaches Earth in about 8 minutes. five regions beginning with the outermost thermosphere. C. It is critically important in regulating the temperature of the planet. Submarine canyons are deep valleys at passive continental boundaries. A) We have X-ray images from satellites of the interior of the Sun. Daylength variations are negligible for all locations throughout the year except above the Arctic Circle. D) about 14 billion light years (the size of the observable universe) stellar The embankment will be constructed in layers of 8 inch depth, loose measure then compacted to a dry unit weight of 114pcf at a moisture content of 18.3%. B. the oblate spheroidal shape of Earth C) The Sun emits light of longer average wavelength. E) neutrinos from the solar core reach the solar surface easily. As this question implies, safety precautions must be taken in the use of home generators and during power failures in general. B E) both B and D. Studies of sunquakes, or helioseismology, have revealed that Each atom contains electrons, which are charged particles. B) nuclear fusion Thus, the observations that confirm this prediction support the theory. a. D) convection zone absolute magnitude (or intrinsic brightness) against temperature, 10. Right now, about half the amount of hydrogen in the core of the Sun has been fused into helium. A) The chromosphere is the source of ultraviolet light, and the corona is the source of X rays. C) We have learned that the Sun's interior undergoes fusion at a lower rate than we had expected, and that is why we had observed fewer neutrinos than expected. A A) watts Physics College answered Which of the following statements is NOT true about sunspots? It increases to 2 times B) 5,800 K. C Which part of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is occupied by, c. Sunspots are actively rotating regions that contain strong magnetic fields and are usually found in pairs. A) the bubbling pattern on the photosphere produced by the underlying convection B) a slight gravitational contraction of the Sun C) The hydrogen gas in the Sun is balanced so that it never rises upward or falls downward. Which of the following cannot be attributed to the effects of Earth's rotation? B) They are holes in the solar surface through which we can see through to deeper, darker layers of the Sun. Electrostatic forces between the highly charged iron nuclei are, sufficient a band running from upper left to lower right, d. B) by observing the sizes of sunspots: Bigger sunspots mean a stronger field decreases as mass increases and decreases beyond this limit. No lakes or streams have been damaged by acid precipitation. Which of the following statements about neutrinos is not true? They often occur in pairs of opposite magnetic polarity. 2) When is/was gravitational contraction an important energy-generation mechanism for the Sun? A Cepheid variable star with a period of a few days. Sunspot activity is often observed and studied to gain important data about the Suns atmosphere and the local magnetic environment of the Solar system. Which of the following is the phase of matter in the Sun? B) The rate at which fusion occurs would increase, leading to an expansion of the core, which would in turn cause the temperature to drop back down. D) measuring Doppler shifts to observe solar vibrations Abe Mizrahi, Edward E. Prather, Gina Brissenden, Jeff P. Adams, Jeffrey O. Bennett, Mark Voit, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas O. Schneider, Foundations of Astronomy plus The Night Sky Planisphere - Latitude 30- 40, Chapter 14 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems,. You will then enter this convective layer, feeling regions of hot plasma rising upward to meet you and seeing cooler gas descending from the surface. B) 4 million tons 3. With his observations of the phases of Venus, Galileo was able to figure out that the planet orbits the Sun, not the Earth as was the common belief in his time. which of the following is not true of sunspots? is ineffective because so few countries have ratified it. A elements toward the bottom of a group periodic table generally have higher ionization energies than elements at the top of a group. D) radioactive elements like uranium and plutonium. Two of the protons are converted into neutrinos. *a. C) The churning is an illusion created by varying radiation, as the gas on the Sun's surface is actually quite still. True False Question 24 (2 points) Which of the following is the correct order for the stages of evolution of a low-mass star, like the Sun? D) the strong force and the electromagnetic force. C) The rate at which fusion occurs would decrease, leading to a contraction of the core, which would in turn cause a further temperature rise. Write the Tollens' reagent chemical formula. They are likely carved out by turbidity currents, which occur when sediment-laden water rapidly moves down slope. in your Student ID# and the FORM NUMBER of your, exam D) because they rarely interact with matter c. What processes are involved in the sunspot cycle? For the last few years we've been at what we call solar minimum. D) The Sun generates energy through fission while nuclear power plants generate energy through fusion. B) plasma. Which of the following is currently a big mystery to solar physicists? D. the timing of Earth's perihelion and aphelion By measuring Doppler shifts of material on the Sun's surface, we observe vibrations of the surface that are created deep within the Sun. As you plunge through the "surface" of the Sun, the photosphere, the temperature will be a slightly cooler 5,800 K, compared to the outer layers, and you will see the slightly cooler regions of sunspots and the granulation on the surface caused by the convection underneath. A) by looking for the splitting of spectral lines in the Sun's spectrum A) Nuclear fusion in the Sun's core produces visible light photons. B B) one hundred years ago. Which of the following is an example of humans influencing solar energy or seasonality? Space scientists study these to see how they perturb Earth's magnetic fields and affect satellites circling around Earth, but . a gas shell, the atmosphere of a red giant star, slowly expanding. C) vibrations seen at the solar surface B) millions of degrees. They can have strong magnetic fields that create solar bursts that can cause solar storms on Earth. c. Which statement best describes the solar neutrino problem? C Three criteria used for classification of the atmosphere are (C). Most choices will fit grammatically and will even make sense logically, but you must choose the pair that best fits the idea of the sentence. A GEOG 1112 - Chapter 3: (Questions)Earth's Atm, GEOG 1112k- Chapter 9: Climate Classification. B B) The chromosphere is best observed with ultraviolet telescopes and the corona is best observed with X-ray telescopes. Modelo A Mara (le-les) encantan las pelculas romnticas. Granulation is evidence of what phenomenon? b. What problem have observers of solar neutrinos run into? D) Sunspots are surface disturbances caused by magnetic storms. A Furthermore, the magnetic fields associated with sunspots have the ability to absorb light, providing the dark spots with an even further reduction in contrast. B surface disturbance on the Sun's surface caused by magnetic storms is called a(n). We can learn about the densities and other characteristics of the various layers within the Sun by studying how the waves propagate throughout the Sun. Based on its surface temperature of 5,800 K, what color are most of the photons that leave the Sun's surface? A) The core would cool off and continue to shrink as its density increased. C Sunspots can be up to 12 times larger than Earth. d. A) The sunspot cycle strongly influences Earth's weather. C) by observing auroras here on Earth The "star" appears to wiggle in its path across our sky against, *d. an extremely regular build-up and decay of the number of. Line spectra C. Light from sunspots D. The star's magnetic field Ions and electrons are pushed apart by the electric forces, d. Which of the following processes is involved in the sunspot cycle? D) The electron neutrinos created in the Sun's core change into another type of neutrino that we did not detect. The cesium iodide (CsI) molecule has an atomic separation of 0.127 nm. 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which of the following is not true of sunspots