coa statement and sketch example

From the modified combined obstacle overlay (MCOO) developed by higher headquarters, leaders already appreciate the general nature of the ground and effects of weather. For each COA, the leader thinks through the operation from start to finish. Determine Time Phase Lines (TPLs) and Mobility Corridors 3. Unless given the benefit of information collection, his situation template is only an estimate of how the enemy might be disposed. During the war game, the leader visualizes a set of enemy and friendly actions and reactions. When integrated with terrain, the refined product becomes the unit's operations overlay. As suggested by Davis in [3], interacting with a software program should feel natural, informal, (DRAW-D [defends, reinforce, attack, withdraw, or delay]). A-47. factors of the overall operations. What are the strengths and weaknesses of subordinate leaders? In all cases, the enemy's recent activities must be understood, because they can provide insight into his future activities and intentions. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each avenue? He need not wait for a complete OPORD before starting to develop his own tentative plan. Prepare COA statement and sketch Avenue of approach Key terrain COA Analysis (war game) Observation/fields *Action - Reaction - Counteraction* of fire Methods Cover and concealment Box. If he has developed more than one COA, he applies this same analysis to each COA developed. FRAGORDs. This team effort ensured a more accurate assessment for the battle captain. Identifies how the enemy may potentially fight; the leader weighs the result of his analysis of terrain and weather against the higher headquarters situation template. The need for control measures, such as checkpoints, contact points, and target registration points, aid in control, flexibility, and synchronization. The mission brief went as usual. The product of this process is the synchronization matrix. The co-pilot turned the aircraft and started a climb in preparation for an emergency GPS recovery. When the leader decides what risks he is willing to accept, he also must decide in his COA how to reduce risk to an acceptable level. We stopped our climb at a base altitude of 3,000 feet and returned to the airfield. This includes studying the maximum effective range for each weapon system, the doctrinal rates of march, and timelines associated with the performance of certain tasks. After developing the COA, the leader analyzes it to determine its strengths and weaknesses, visualizes the flow of the battle, identifies the conditions or requirements necessary to enhance synchronization, and gains insights into actions at the decisive point of the mission. They must go beyond merely passing along the MCOO to their subordinate leaders and making general observations of the terrain such as "This is high ground," or "This is a stream." I headed to the hangar to check on my assigned aircraft for the day and then to the tactical command post (TOC) to check the mission profile. Factors to consider include political boundaries, locations of government centers, by-type enclaves, special regions such as mining or agricultural, trade routes, and possible settlement sites. The sustaining operations purposes are nested to the decisive and shaping operation's purposes by providing sustainment, operational area security, movement control, terrain management, and infrastructure. Current activities, capabilities, and limitations are some of the information necessary to build situational understanding. Winds However, they must conduct their own detailed analyses to determine how terrain and weather uniquely affects their units' missions and the enemy. What is the location of current and probable enemy positions? Designating a decisive point is critical to the leader's vision of how he will use combat power to achieve the purpose, how he will task-organize his unit and how his shaping operations will support the decisive operation, and how the decisive operation will accomplish the unit's purpose. How will precipitation (or lack of it) affect the mobility of the unit or of enemy forces? Questions Capabilities Leaders analyze the enemy's dispositions, compositions, strengths, doctrine, equipment, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable COA. Partial cloud cover can cause glare, a condition attacking aircraft might use to conceal their approach to the target. COA statement should identify -Decisive point, and what makes it decisive. The leader identifies critical factors about cloud cover, including limits on illumination and solar heating of targets. A-50. Identifies the enemy's strength by unit. The leader must answer these questions: Precipitation The concept of the operation is a framework to assist leaders, not a script. Avenues of Approach Evaluation of weather in support of these operations requires information on the wind at the surface as well as at varying altitudes. Both the COA statement and sketch focus at the decisive point. What we had was conflicting weather briefs from reliable sources. Time analysis is often the first thing a leader does. The area of interest includes threat forces or other elements characterizing the operational environment and greatly influencing the accomplishment of the mission. 8. of the enemy and update their enemy templates as new information or trends become available. 1 level below BN sketch)w/ all crew served weapons (SITEMP) using AGADAP Analyze relative combat power (Caps by WFF) Generate Options Array Forces - Battle Positions, EA's, Routes, Times, Reserves, Crew Served WPNs Systems, Etc.. The process of getting from the original COA inputs (statement and sketch) to the formal inputs needed . Will wind speed and direction affect the employment of available mortars? Where is the dead space in my area of operations? What is the enemy's most probable course of action? What are the enemy's likely counterattack routes? Or, they might have to move much more slowly than they would like. A-40. During execution, their continuous analyses enable them to issue well-developed 2. Leaders understand their immediate headquarters concept of the operation. A leader must convey to his subordinates the importance of these deductions, and effect they will have on the units operations. Definition. How will each avenue support movement techniques, formations and, once we make enemy contact, maneuver? Population statuses overlays can best describe groups and define what feelings the group has toward American forces. The following requirements follow the Figure 9-5 sample from FM 6-0. Swamps and rugged ground are two examples of restricted terrain for Infantry forces. What effect will this have on the way the enemy fights?. Another example of essential terrain for a platoon and squad in the attack is high ground overlooking the enemy's reverse-slope defense. Course of Move statement. Civil considerations include the influences of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and attitudes, activities of civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an area of operation, with regard to the conduct of military operations. Projected sustainment expenditures, friendly casualties, and resulting medical requirements. How do civilian considerations affect the operation? A-42. Commanders should limit their CCIRs to essential information. Once identified, risk must be reduced through controls. OAKOC. What is the composition and strength of the enemy force? The object is to determine what can go wrong and what decision the leader likely will have to make as a result. A-118. This event made me realize the importance of instrument meteorological conditions training and proper crew coordination. How will existing obstacles and restricted terrain affect the enemy? By defining organizations within the community, leaders can understand what groups have power and influence over their own smaller communities and what groups can assist our forces. Battle, support by fire, and assault by fire positions. To anticipate events within the area of operations. Extremes of temperature and humidity reduce personnel and equipment capabilities and may require the use of special shelter or equipment. How and when they do so depends on when they receive information as well as on their experience and preferences. Capabilities can refer to the ability of local authorities to provide essential functions and services. It also gives subordinates the maximum latitude for initiative. However, if it offers cover and concealment, observation, and good fields of fire on multiple avenues of approach, or on the only avenue of approach, then it offers a definite advantage to whoever controls it. The S-3 informed us where friendly forces were in our area, while the S-2 filled us in on where the action was in our battle space. The initial commander's intent describes the purpose of the operation, initial key tasks, and the desired end state. Our aircrews carefully synchronized our return flight using proven aircrew coordination skills. Leaders identify all constraints the OPORD places on their units' ability to execute their missions. COA analysis begins with both friendly and enemy COA and, using a method of action-reaction-counteraction war game, results in a synchronized friendly plan, identified strengths and weaknesses, and updated risk assessment. 4 Q b. Leaders must continually improve their situational understanding Leaders find their units' purposes in the concepts of the operation in the immediate higher headquarters OPORDs. It also should give subordinates the maximum latitude for initiative. Routine, cyclical, planned, or spontaneous activities which significantly affect organizations, people, and military operations, including seasons, festivals, holidays, funerals, political rallies, and agricultural crop/livestock and market cycles and paydays. A leader may take as much time as needed, while still adhering to the one-third/two-thirds rule. Categories of terrain, restricted terrain hindering movement somewhat. The three types of tasks are specified, implied, and essential. Coordinating instructions to enhance execution and unity of effort, and to ease confusion between subordinate elements. It enables him, A-123. A-52. After these groups have been defined, analyzing them and determining their contributions or resistance to friendly operations is easier. Only those requiring resources should be used. The purpose of this step is to compare the combat power of friendly and enemy forces. He must not take these as facts. Even if time is tight, the leader should allocate as much time as possible to factor, starting at the. Key terrain is locations or areas whose seizure, retention, or control gives a marked advantage to either combatant. PPT MDMP Class (Military Decision Making Process) PowerPoint It is a conclusion, usually arrived at after enemy analysis and COA development, rather than an observation: A-48. ATP 2-01.3 for more information. Specified Tasks. An appreciation for time, space, and triggers needed to integrate direct and indirect fire support, obscurants, engineers, air defense artillery, and chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear with maneuver platoons (Infantry, antiarmor, or tank) to support unit tasks and purposes identified in the scheme of maneuver. Furthermore, their own assumptions about the enemy must be consistent with those of their higher commander. A-96.People is a general term describing all nonmilitary personnel military forces encountered in the area of operation. This aspect of civil considerations reinforces the security of the community against poverty and other enablers to instability. 4. What avenues would support a friendly counterattack or repositioning of forces? The COA covers the operational factors of who, what, when, where, and how, and must show from start to finish how the unit will accomplish the mission. Identify friendly strengths to exploit the enemy weakness. He can obtain this information by translating percentages given from higher headquarters to the actual numbers in each enemy element or from information provided the COP. Mission analysis has no time standard. Specified tasks are specifically assigned to a unit by a higher headquarters and are found throughout the OPORD. Determine the purposes to be achieved by the main and supporting. This fact forces leaders to determine how to get assistance when the situation exceeds their capabilities. A-73. Include traditional high-payoff targets, protected cultural sites, and facilities with practical applications. However, as the global situation changes, the possibility of fighting threat who lack a structured doctrine increases. During the first step of COA development, analyzing relative combat power, leaders compare and contrast friendly combat power with the enemy. How will the terrain affect the employment of mortars, medium machine guns, and Javelin missiles? The purpose of COA development is to determine one or more ways to accomplish the mission consistent with the immediate higher commander's intent. The two flight crews met at the TOC for the mission briefing. Civil considerations generally focus on the immediate impact of civilians on operations in progress. Strong winds also can hamper the efficiency of directional antenna systems by inducing antenna wobble. Essential Task. What locations afford cover and concealment as well as good observation and fields of fire? Civil considerations of the environment can either help or hinder friendly or enemy forces; the difference lies in which leader has taken time to learn the situation and its possible effects on the operation. A-27. ;" "Reconnoiter route BLUE;" "Assist the forward passage of 1st platoon, B Company." For example, in the conduct of attacks, leaders might prioritize the areas immediately around their objective for analysis, followed by the platoons specific axis leading to the objective. Select or Modify COA for Continued Analysis NOTE: A good COA positions the force for sequels and provides flexibility to meet unforeseen events during execution. He then must task organize his forces specific to the respective essential tactical tasks and purposes assigned to his subordinate elements. Compile data from other bases and other crews to help your crew make an informed decision about your mission. For sustaining operations, it accomplishes the assigned purpose, which enables both the shaping and decisive operation (again, nested concept). Whether it is set times for prayer, shopping or commuting, people follow patterns. This reconnaissance helps him to see the ground objectively and to see how it will affect both forces: A-54. Soon we had turned back and all the instruments were reading straight and level. The two key elements are friendly forces information and priority intelligence requirements. What terrain is important to the enemy and why? Information related capabilities also can be properly focused with a healthy understanding of the perceptions of the civilian population. Analyzing METT-TC is a continuous process. Other events, such as disasters and those precipitated by military forces, stress and affect the attitudes and activities of the populace and include a moral responsibility to protect displaced civilians. Consideration of the weather's effects is an essential part of the leader's mission analysis. He conducts mission analysis to help him start developing his vision, and to confirm what he must do to accomplish his mission. He considers light data and identifies critical conclusions about It was a familiar mission; a flight of two UH-60Ls were to fly a five-and-a-half-hour ring route under night vision goggles. Will wind speed and direction favor enemy use of obscurants? Leaders must understand each groups perceptions about the United States, the Army, and specific units operating within that area. Cover and concealment is just as vital as clear fields of fire. He analyzes the area surrounding key terrain, objectives,engagement area, and obstacles. How can I use each avenue of approach to support my movement and maneuver? War gaming, depending on how much time is devoted to planning, provides. A-35. Performance Knowledge Bases program is an example of an enabling tool towards that goal. This 3-page document outlines an individual's education and training, their appointments and positions, and other . Leaders at every echelon must understand the mission, intent, and operational concept one and two levels higher. How will cloud cover affect the target acquisition of the command launch unit? This additional information will assist the approval authority in making the final decision to accept the risk. Leaders must understand how their units' purposes relate to higher. If time permits, the leader might be able to conduct a pattern analysis of the enemy's actions to predict future actions. At the hangar, the crews continued loading the utility vehicles with necessary supplies and equipment for the mission. Whenever possible and depending on the existing chain of command, they avoid fracturing unit integrity. Mission analysis answers the four questions of the leader's visualization: The following video explains step 3 of the Troop Leading Procedures. Leaders in small units primarily use the COA statement and COA sketch to describe the concept of the operation. Prepare a COA statement and sketch (Decisive point, form of maneuver, and statement of each task to be accomplished) Write your mission statement using the 5Ws. In short, he strives to determine where, when, and how his unit's combat power (the effects of maneuver, firepower, protection, leadership, and information) can overwhelm the enemy's ability to generate combat power. The upwind force usually has better visibility. A-117. This process is designed to facilitate the decision-making process. Some precipitation questions to answer include . CCIRs also helps focus the efforts of subordinates and aids in the allocation of resources. Deviations or significant conclusions reached during their enemy analysis could positively or negatively affect the battalion's and companys plan should be shared immediately with the battalion, company commander and S-2. Next, the leader analyzes relative combat power, generates options, arrays his forces, develops a CONOP, assigns responsibility, and prepares a COA statement and sketch. To identify additional control requirements. A-23. They also must understand leaders' intent (two levels up). The COA sketch should identify how the unit intends to focus the effects of overwhelming combat power at the decisive point. What are the capabilities of his weapons? Leaders must identify and understand tasks required to accomplish a given mission. Leaders analyze terrain using the categories of Then, they determine how those fit into their superiors concepts of the operation. Tactical risk is associated with hazards existing due to the enemy's presence. Leaders use tactical mission task graphics and control measures (Refer to ADRP 1-02 for more information.) How the COA accounts for minimum essential stability tasks. A-80. EEFI are the critical aspects of a friendly operation if known by the enemy, that subsequently would compromise or lead to failure of the operation. A-36. Heavy precipitation can reduce the quality of supplies in storage. A-108. Where do I position indirect fire observers? He must be able to see his own tasks and enemy actions in relation to time.

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