number of filibusters by year

[41], Senator McConnells obstructionism extends to the debt ceiling, where his threat of a Republican filibuster in the fall brings the nation to the brink of defaulting on its debt for the first time in history. 1, the For the People Act sweeping voting rights and campaign finance reform legislation passes in the House on March 3 and moves to the Senate for consideration. Stream thousands of hours of acclaimed series, probing documentaries and captivating specials commercial-free in HISTORY Vault. [15], 1975 Senator Byrd plays a lead role in changing the filibuster rules. They have been routinely changed. Cloture Motions. Please note that the code must be integrated into the HTML code (not only the text) for WordPress pages and other CMS sites. BBC News.The Senate Filibuster, Explained. Our timeline shows that the Senate filibuster rules were never written in stone. Dionne Jr., The Washington Post (9/12/2021), [58] As It Was In 1965, Today We Cannot Rest. The 117th Congress, still in session until the end of this year, is close to setting a new record for Senate cloture motions filed to end filibusters. The issue today isn't that we see 50, or 100, or 150 filibusters. [2], Political Science Professor Sarah Binder: The rules elimination was [n]ot because Senators in 1806 sought to protect minority rights and extended debate. Among the most notable examples of when the Senate managed to invoke cloture was in 1967 when a group of Southern lawmakers tried filibuster the Civil Rights Act of 1964. They would also protect against partisan election administration officials rigging the results of federal elections and protect against future enactment of state and local voter discrimination laws. 10, to eliminate the filibuster on motions to begin debate on legislation, and S. Res. Public Domain, 1917 Following a successful filibuster of legislation to arm merchant ships as a means to protect against German attack, which isolationist Senators feared would lead the country into World War I, President Woodrow Wilson demands that the Senate adopt a rule to prevent a little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own from blocking future legislation. In the movie, Stewart plays a young senator who talks for nearly 24 hours to delay a vote on a corrupt public works bill. But it is impossible to write that history without recognizing the centrality of race.[49], April 28, 2021 On the sacred issue of voting rights, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) says, failure is not an option.[50], May 17, 2021 Senator Manchin says of voting rights legislation, Inaction is not an option.[51], June 22, 2021 Republicans use the filibuster to block debate on H.R. Binder. But it is impossible to write that history without recognizing the centrality of race.[50], April 28, 2021 On the sacred issue of voting rights, Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) says, failure is not an option.[51], May 17, 2021 Senator Manchin says of voting rights legislation, Inaction is not an option.[52], June 22, 2021 Republicans use the filibuster to block debate on H.R. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022. The Art of the Filibuster: How Do You Talk for 24 Hours Straight? Under Obama, Republicans have filibustered an average of 16 nominees per year. Simply copy the HTML code that is shown for the relevant statistic in order to integrate it. [56], Washington Post columnist E.J. The Statista "Chart of the Day", made available 1964 Herblock Cartoon, courtesy of The Herb Block Foundation, Professor Binder: Of the 30 measures we identified between 1917 and 1994, exactly half addressed civil rights including measures to authorize federal investigation and prosecution of lynching, to ban the imposition of poll taxes, and to prohibit discrimination on the basis of race in housing sales and rentals. [1], Vice President Aaron Burr Public Domain, 1806 At the suggestion of Vice President Aaron Burr, the Senate ends its use of the previous question motion which empowers a simple majority to end debate on a measure. Binder. proper attribution to Statista. Senate Republican Leader McConnell dramatically changed the character and role of the filibuster and the circumstances in which it is used. [62], What started out as an unusual practice to extend debate has become a routine method for blocking the will of the majority. The attacks this year on the right to vote and the integrity of our elections have put our democracy at grave risk. This is exactly the kind of changed circumstance that Senator Byrd recognized requires the filibuster rules to change. Dionne Jr.: Will Senators Manchin and Sinema stick with their refusal to alter the filibuster and thus make themselves complicit in the death of a bill as important to democracy in our times as the original Voting Rights Act was in 1965?[56], Without bypassing the filibuster rules, as has been routinely done in the past, voting rights legislation will die in the Senate. Fred Wertheimer[57], October 21, 2021 In a Town Hall event, President Biden says that activists seeking a filibuster rules change to pass the voting rights measures by majority vote make a very good point. [26], 2010 Senator McConnell: The single most important thing we want to achieve is for President Obama to be a one-term president.[27], From 2009 through 2014, there are a historic 382 cloture votes held in the Senate. This is exactly the kind of changed circumstance that Senator Byrd recognized requires the filibuster rules to change. To be sure, Senators have filibustered issues other than civil rights over the Senates history. The need to revise the filibuster rules is of paramount importance. One of the most notable filibusters of the 1960s occurred when Southern Democrats attempted to block the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by filibustering for 75 hours, including a 14-hour-and-13-minute address by Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia. Rule 22 authorized a two-thirds vote to invoke cloture, or official closure to debate. The Senate filibuster first captured the American imagination in Frank Capra's 1939 movie "Mr. Smith Goes to Washington . Senator Byrd played a pivotal role in changing the filibuster rules twice in the 1970s. For example, during the period from 1969 to 2014, the filibuster rules were bypassed 161 times when specific measures were allowed to pass the Senate by majority vote without being subject to the filibuster rules. As part of his extended performance, the then 55-year-old senator read the Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Criminal Code and the voting laws of 48 states. And yet it was utterly consistent with the way the filibuster has been deployed in recent years. [43] Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD): McConnell is singularly focused on winning control of the Senate in the 2022 midterm elections, full stop. Congressional Research Service.The Silenced Majority. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. In April 1964, a group of Southern Senators led by Richard Russell, Strom Thurmond, Robert Byrd, William Fulbright and Sam Ervin started a 60-day filibuster to block the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964. Senator Robert C. Byrd (D-WV), the acknowledged master of the Senate Rules, always opposed eliminating the filibuster rules entirely, but he also believed that the filibuster rules should be changed when circumstances change.. [61], Republican Senator Lisa Murkowski (R-AK) is the only Republican to vote to end the filibuster and allow debate on the measure. By: Fred Wertheimer, President, Democracy 21 | December 2021. Thurmond drank a glass before an aide removed it from his reach. [13], President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. Instead, new Senate procedure would create a dual-tracking system that allowed the body to toggle between different bills so that a bill facing a filibuster was kept on the back burner until a vote for cloture could be successful. The Democrats currently have a 51:50 majority in the upper chamber of U.S. Congress (including Vice President Kamala Harris tie-breaking vote), which is short of the 60 votes needed to end a filibuster. The most interesting data on filibusters, though, are year by year. Even on an issue as sacred as the right to vote, Senate Republicans refuse to allow even a debate.[53], October 20, 2021 Republicans again use the filibuster, this time to block debate on the Freedom to Vote Act, compromise legislation crafted by Senator Manchin.[54]. non-commercial websites. 21 There had never been more than five filibusters in a single year prior to 1966, but . Filibustering in the United States Senate," identified "twenty-six measures" proposed between Reconstruction and 1994 "that would directly change public law" that were "clearly killed because of. That number grew steadily since and spiked in 2007 and 2008 (the 110th Congress), when there were 52 filibusters. To "filibuster" means to delay action on a bill or other issue by talking. ), /wp-content/uploads/2020/01/dem21-logo-red-horizontal-250x90-1.svg, Democracy 21 Report: A Timeline Of The Senate Filibuster, 1806 2021. [12] The legislation is ultimately passed after it is significantly modified and basic provisions are removed. Heres the filibusters racial history,, The Impact of the Filibuster on Federal Policymaking, Congress Approves Civil Rights Act of 1957, History of Senate Budget Committee, 1974-2006, Changing the Senate Cloture Rule at the Start of a New Congress, Exceptions To The Rules: The Politics of Filibuster Limitations in the U.S. Senate, Why McConnell Gets Away With Filibustering, Doctor No: Senator McConnell, the Supreme Court And a 30-Year Career of Obstructionism, The Man Who Ruined The Senate: Meet Mitch McConnell, Manchin Statement On One Year Anniversary Of Robert C. Byrds Death, West Virginians Deserve A Government That Works For Them. The two-track system In 1964, during debate over what became the Civil Rights Act, southern Democrats filibustered for over 75 hours in an attempt to prevent the bill's passage. The 89-year period between 1917 and 2006 saw 44.5 percent of all cloture motions, with an average of 11 filed per year; the 14-year period since 2006 has seen 55 percent, with an average of 88 per year. For the Senate to preserve our democracy and protect the right to vote, and to be known again as the worlds greatest deliberative body, the Senate filibuster rules must be revised. Mr. Schumer ranks third among Democrats with 516 filibuster votes. [11] The legislation is ultimately passed after it is significantly modified and basic provisions are removed. Visit our corporate site at https://futureplc.comThe Week is a registered trade mark. Future US LLC, 10th floor, 1100 13th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005. The following chart shows the number of cloture motions in each session of Congress since 1917, using data from the Senate's website. Changes in senate practice would eventually curb the drama of the filibuster. [62], In the four cloture votes on voting rights legislation in 2021, that is the single time that a Republican votes for cloture to allow debate on a voting rights measure. [40], Senate Minority Leader McConnell in May 2021: One-hundred percent of our focus is on stopping this new Administration.[41], Today, nearly every part of President Bidens agenda, including voting rights, immigration reform, and lowering prescription drug prices faces Republican filibusters, unless they can be included in reconciliation bills which can be passed by majority vote. January 17, 202210:12 AM ET. This is currently the only way for President Joe Biden's party to pass a law codifying the right to abortions at the federal level after Supreme Court precedent Roe v. Wade was overturned. According to research by UCLA political scientist Barbara Sinclair, there was an average of one filibuster per Congress during the 1950s. According to GovTrack,. According to Senate records, the number of times the chamber considered a "cloture" motion to . Senate Republicans on Wednesday blocked a vote on a bill that would raise the federal minimum wage from $7.25 to $10.10 per hour. Vice President Burrs suggestion was simply to clean up the Senate rule book which included rules Burr considered unnecessary. Senate Action on Cloture Motions; Congress Years Motions Filed Votes on Cloture under the Creative Commons License CC BY-ND 3.0, may be used [35], Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) says: The American people believe the Senate is broken, and I believe the American people are right. [] The talking filibuster had died.[19], I say to you that certain rules that were necessary in the 19th century, and in the early decades of this century, must be changed to reflect changed circumstances. Senator Robert C. Byrd (D-WV), supporting a change to the filibuster rules in 1979 [20], 1979 Senator Byrd leads a successful effort to change the filibuster rules by eliminating post-cloture filibusters.[21]. The Senate filibuster was created by mistake in 1806. That number grew to more than 19 per year on average between 1971 and 1992 before doubling to 43 per year from 1993 through 2012. We are 26.6% of the way to our goal! 21, to revise filibuster rules to require Senators to actually take the floor and filibuster by making remarks. please include a backlink to the respective infographic URL. [37], The Senate proceeds to confirm three Trump-nominated Supreme Court Justices by majority vote, under this exception to the filibuster rules. As recently as the 2005-2006 Senate session, there were 68 motions to file cloture, a formal way of ending a threatened or ongoing filibuster. and displayed without charge by all commercial and The Brennan Center: Since the 1970s, the use of the filibuster has become the normal practice of the Senate, not the exception.[22] As the use of the filibuster has mushroomed, so has the number of exceptions to filibuster rules. The Statista "Chart of the Day" currently focuses Prepared By: Democracy 21 | UPDATED: January 2022, [W]hen we dig into the history of Congress, it seems that the filibuster was created by mistake. Political Science Professor Sarah A. [24], 1985: The McConnell Era Begins Senator Mitch McConnell (R-KY), elected to the Senate in 1984, becomes, in time, the king of obstructionist filibusters. The United States Senate.Filibusters and Cloture in the Senate. We strive for accuracy and fairness. It hit a high of 298 in the 2019-2020 Congress, mostly on Trump appointees that Republicans running the Senate were pushing to confirmation. Free shipping for many products! From December 2, 1890 to January 22, 1891, the minority Democratic caucus used publicity tactics to make the filibuster a public fight, and then it found support from a small number of Republicans who needed support of their own in the Free Silver debate. That number grew steadily since and spiked in 2007 and. Keep in mind, the 20th century filibuster [also] scorched many civil rights measures beyond those that it killed outright.[10], These anti-civil rights filibusters were often defended, according to the Center for American Progress, with inflated rhetoric about an alleged Senate tradition of respecting minority rights and the value of extended debate on issues of great importance.But belying this rhetoric, conservatives during this period generally refrained from engaging in filibusters on issues other than civil rights.[11], 1957 On August 28-29, South Carolina Senator Strom Thurmond conducts a record 24-hour, 18- minute filibuster of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 legislation. Upon the vote of a supermajority of senators, the rule limits consideration of a pending matter to a final 30 more hours of debate. Our timeline shows that the Senate filibuster rules were never written in stone. [40] Why Washington Gets So Little Done, CNN (6/2/2021), [41] McConnell says hes 100 percent focused on stopping Bidens administration, NBC News (5/5/2021), [42] Why Washington Gets So Little Done, CNN (6/2/2021), [43] The Government Is On Track To Default For The First Time Ever, The Washington Post (10/6/2021), [44] As The U.S. Hurtles Toward A Debt Crisis, What Does McConnell Want? How these questions are ultimately answered could very well determine the fate of our democracy. April 28, 2023 at 7:53 a.m. EDT. There is no filibuster in the House of Representatives because rules adopted in that larger legislative body strictly limit the amount of time each representative may speak on the House floor. No longer would a filibuster delay all Senate business. [14], President Lyndon Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law. In 1975, the Senate reduced the number of votes required for cloture from two-thirds of senators voting to three-fifths of all senators duly chosen and sworn, or 60 of the current 100 senators. [16] Senators reduce the number of votes needed for cloture from 67 votes (two-thirds of Senators) to 60 votes (three-fifths of Senators). in the wake of last year's Supreme Court . The Freedom to Vote Act and the John Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act would override the state voter suppression laws triggered by Trumps Big Lie. There have been as many cloture motions in the last 10 years (959) as there were during the 60-year period from 1947 to 2006 (960).[30], 2011 Senator Joe Manchin (D-WV), the successor to and admirer of Senator Byrd[31], cosponsors and votes for two measures to change the filibuster rules: S. Res. The Brennan Center: The use of the filibuster has become the normal practice of the Senate, not the exception.[21] As the use of the filibuster has mushroomed, so has the number of exceptions to the filibuster rules. 1 / S. 1, the For the People Act. None.[48], Professor Binder: Thats false. [46] The For the People Act would override the wave of voter suppression laws passed in 2021 by Republican-controlled legislatures in 19 states. All Rights Reserved. For example, during the period from 1969 to 2014, the filibuster rules were bypassed 161 times when specific measures were allowed to pass the Senate by majority vote without being subject to the filibuster rules. But you don't need to read legislative journals to know the termaccording to press reports, filibusters are having a moment in some state legislative chambers this year. These voter suppression laws are aimed in particular at preventing voting by Black, brown, and other minorities. Were going to have to move to the point where we fundamentally alter the filibuster.[59], October 24, 2021 In an interview on CNN, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) says: The most important vote right now in the Congress of the United States is the vote to respect the sanctity of the vote, the fundamental basis of our democracy. The United States must extend to every citizen equal rights, says Rep. Henry Cabot Lodge (R-MA), the key sponsor of the bill. None.[49], Professor Binder: Thats false. The first successful filibuster was recorded in 1837, when a group of Whig senatorswho opposed President Andrew Jacksonfilibustered to prevent Jacksons allies from expunging a resolution of censure against him. [23], 1985: The McConnell Era Begins Senator Mitch McConnell (R-KY), elected to the Senate in 1984, becomes, in time, the king of obstructionist filibusters. Public Domain, 1917 Following a successful filibuster of legislation to arm merchant ships as a means to protect against German attack, which isolationist Senators feared would lead the country into World War I, President Woodrow Wilson demands that the Senate adopt a rule to prevent a little group of willful men, representing no opinion but their own from blocking future legislation. Transfer to a cutting board to cool. Three years later, the tables turned when a coalition of pro-silver Republicans and . Heres the filibusters racial history, Sarah Binder, The Washington Post (3/24/2021), [11] The Impact of the Filibuster on Federal Policymaking, Center for American Progress (12/5/2019), [12] Congressional Record (8/22/1957 8/30/1957), [13] Congress Approves Civil Rights Act of 1957, CQ Almanac 1957, [14] Civil Rights Filibuster Ended, Senate Historical Office, U.S. Senate, [15] Civil Rights Filibuster Ended, Senate Historical Office, U.S. Senate, [16] History of Senate Budget Committee, 1974-2006, Senate Budget Committee, U.S. Senate, p. 35 (2006), [17] Changing the Senate Cloture Rule at the Start of a New Congress, Congressional Research Service (12/12/2016), [18] Cloture, Senate Historical Office, U.S. Senate, [19] The Case Against The Filibuster, Brennan Center for Justice (2020), [21] Senate Cloture Rule, Senate Rules Committee/Congressional Research Service (2011), [22] The Case Against The Filibuster, Brennan Center for Justice (2020), [23] Exceptions To The Rules: The Politics of Filibuster Limitations in the U.S. Senate, Molly E. Reynolds, Brookings (7/18/2017), [24] Senate Cloture Rule, Senate Rules Committee/Congressional Research Service (2011), [25] Why McConnell Gets Away With Filibustering, Jacob S. Hacker, Paul Pierson, The Atlantic (3/21/2021), [26] The Case Against The Filibuster, Brennan Center for Justice (2020), [27] The GOPs no-compromise pledge, Politico (10/28/2010), [28] Doctor No: Senator McConnell, the Supreme Court And a 30-Year Career of Obstructionism, Fred Wertheimer, HuffPost (3/15/2016), [29] Why Harry Reid Went Nuclear, The Atlantic (11/21/2013), [30] The Man Who Ruined The Senate: Meet Mitch McConnell, Fred Wertheimer, Medium (6/26/2019), [31] The Case Against The Filibuster, Brennan Center for Justice (2020), [32] Manchin Statement On One Year Anniversary Of Robert C. Byrds Death, Senator Joe Manchin website (6/28/2011), [33] West Virginians Deserve A Government That Works For Them, Senator Joe Manchin website (1/27/2011), [34] West Virginians Deserve A Government That Works For Them, Senator Joe Manchin website (1/27/2011), [35] Filibuster Frustrates Manchin, Charleston Daily Mail (10/13/2011), [36] Reid, Democrats Trigger Nuclear Option; Eliminate Most Filibusters On Nominees, The Washington Post (11/21/2013), [37] Reid, Democrats Trigger Nuclear Option; Eliminate Most Filibusters On Nominees, The Washington Post (11/21/2013), [38] Senate Pulls Nuclear Trigger To Ease Gorsuch Confirmation, National Public Radio (4/6/17). All articles are regularly reviewed and updated by the HISTORY.com team. We Must Protect The Sacred Right To Vote, Biden Is Open to Scrapping Filibuster for Voting Rights Bill and Maybe More, Senate Dems push new voting bill, and again hit GOP wall, Senate Republicans block debate on a third major voting rights bill, Why The Filibuster Rules Must Be Revised In Order To Protect Voting Rights And Save The Senate, Senate Passes Bipartisan Bill To Fast-Track Debt Ceiling Hike, Avoid Default, The hypocrisy argument on the filibuster is itself phony, Statement in Support of the Freedom to Vote Act. Counting the latest cloture attempt on the minimum wage bill, there have been 128 such motions already this session, a hair less than the record 139 filed in 2007-08 and that's with about nine months left to go on the legislative calendar. Finally, in 1917, President Woodrow Wilson urged change after his push to arm merchant ships against German U-boats during the run-up to World War I failed in the face of senate filibusters. [39] Confirmation of Neil Gorsuch, 54-45, Senate Roll Call Vote (4/7/2017); Confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh, 50-48, Senate Roll Call Vote (10/6/2018); Confirmation of Amy Coney Barrett, 51-48, Senate Roll Call Vote (10/25/2020). The U.S. Senate defines a filibuster as an "informal term for any attempt to block or delay Senate action on a bill or other matter by debating it at length, by offering numerous procedural. [42] Senator Chris Van Hollen (D-MD): McConnell is singularly focused on winning control of the Senate in the 2022 midterm elections, full stop. Before, with only one bill under consideration at a time, a filibuster could stop all other matters in the Senateas long as a senator kept talking. Rule 22 was first successfully applied in 1919 when the Senate invoked cloture to halt a filibuster against the Treaty of Versailles, which officially ended World War I. Dionne Jr.[63], To lose our democracy but preserve the filibuster in its current form in which a minority can block popular legislation without even having to hold the floor would be a short-sighted blunder that future historians will forever puzzle over. Statement of 154 Democracy Scholars in support of the Freedom to Vote Act[64]. Analysis: Why The Filibuster Rules Must Be Revised In Order To Protect Voting Rights And Save The Senate, Black Americans In Congress Legislative Interests, About Filibusters and Cloture|Historical Overview, Mitch McConnell is wrong. Use of the filibuster leveled off in the 1990s, then exploded in the final few years of George W. Bush's presidency when Democrats regained control of the Senate. [28], When McConnell leaves the Senate, this will be his legacy: Senator McConnell turned the worlds greatest deliberative body into a dysfunctional, undemocratic, and feckless institution. Fred Wertheimer, Democracy 21[29], Brennan Center: Cloture motions have skyrocketed since 2006, doubling from that year to the next and reaching an all-time high in the [2019-2020] Senate. A filibuster is a political strategy in which a senator speaksor threatens to speakfor hours on end to delay efforts to vote for a bill. To abolish or carve out an exception to the filibuster, Democrats would presumably only need a simple majority, but due to intra-party dissenters, they also do not have that one. The term filibuster originated from the 18th-century word flibustier, which referred to pirates who pillaged the Spanish colonies in the West Indies, according to the Oxford English Dictionary. In two conservative states, abortion limits fail. Not surprisingly, the number of filibusters, as measured by the number of cloture motions, which began rising fairly steadily in the mid-1960s, has skyrocketed in the deeply polarized 21st. industries; and "Economy and Society", which Apart from nominations, filibusters have become so engrained within the Senates process that new bills generally do not go to vote unless the leadership is assured they have at least 60 votes. [33], In supporting the resolutions, Senator Manchin says: West Virginians deserve a government that works for them, and they are understandably frustrated with the way things get done or dont in Washington.[34], Unfortunately, the legislative process in Washington has gotten so dysfunctional that it doesnt even make much sense at all anymore. Even on an issue as sacred as the right to vote, Senate Republicans refuse to allow even a debate.[54], October 20, 2021 Republicans again use the filibuster, this time to block debate on the Freedom to Vote Act, compromise legislation crafted by Senator. Will they be able to pass the Act and prevent new state election subversion laws from empowering partisan state election officials to rig the outcomes of federal elections? In an effort to remedy the issue of future filibusters, Senate Majority Leader Mike Mansfield (D-Mont.) Statista offers daily infographics about trending topics, covering:Economy & Finance, Politics & Society, Tech & Media, Health & Environment, Consumer, Sports and many more. 1 / S. 1, the For the People Act. Numbers from the U.S. Senate suggest that filibusters and the motions needed to end them have indeed been more frequently holding up business on Capitol Hill as the often-invoked partisan gridlock becomes ever more entrenched. Dionne Jr.: Will Senators Manchin and Sinema stick with their refusal to alter the filibuster and thus make themselves complicit in the death of a bill as important to democracy in our times as the original Voting Rights Act was in 1965?[57], Without bypassing the filibuster rules, as has been routinely done in the past, voting rights legislation will die in the Senate. Fred Wertheimer[58], October 21, 2021 In a Town Hall, President Joe Biden says that activists seeking a filibuster rules change to pass the voting rights measures by majority vote make a very good point. For the current one, the number stood at 293 with several months still to go in the term. Even with the new cloture rule, however, filibusters remained an effective means to block legislation, since achieving a two-thirds vote is difficult.

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